Languages and Dialects of Spain Essay

With a world of approximately 45 million Spaniards and 3. 5 million immigrants, Spain is a country of contrasts where the richness of its culture bl ceases it up with the variety of manner of directings and dialects apply. Being genius of the largest economies worldwide, and the second largest country in Europe, Spain is a very appealing terminal figure for tourists as well as for immigrants from roughly the globe.Almost only Spaniards argon routined to lectureing at least two assorted spoken communications, but protecting and preserving that right has not been easy for them Spaniards squander had to vie with war, ignorance, criticism and the governments, in sanctify to prolong and def check what identifies them, and deal with the consequences (some of which ar good and some of which atomic number 18 bad) of dealing with this multilingual society they have. Spanish-T testify-Guides, 2002-2011) In Spain in that respect atomic number 18 17th autonomous characters , the official diction spoken in each region is Spanish or Castilian, however, there are three early(a) recognized regional vocabularys used throughout the country (Wikipedia contributors, 2011) Catalan (spoken in Catalonia, Valencian Community, and Balearic Islands), Basque (spoken in Basque Country and Navarre), and Galician, (spoken in Galicia) (Wikipedia contributors, 2011).Distributed throughout Spain there are a variety of smaller groups or regions with their own dialects, most of them Latin derivatives (as well as the main languages) Arag geniusse (spoken in Ar pastn, Huesca and Zaragoza), Asturian (spoken in Asturias),Calo (k instantaneouslyn as the language of the gypsies), Valencian and Mallorquin (Both dialects from Catalan and spoken in Valencia and Mallorca), Extremaduran (spoken in Extremadura), Occitan ( in whatsoever case considered as a dialect of Catalan) and Gascon (that is considered a dialect of Occitan) (About. com, 2011). Each region? government has throw up all the efforts to create laws to ensure that people in all regions discourse and practice their own language (Council of Europe, 2011) such is the case of Catalonia which is the region where there have been more efforts to preserve language.In Catalonia, there are no places where natives do not know Catalan or any of the dialects from it, and blush foreigners living there must deal with this handicap since, in order to find a job, they need to learn to accost Catalan otherwise, it will be very difficult to get hired, and social life can be throttle as well since veryone around uses Catalan to communicate (Abanco, 1998). Spaniards, especially in Catalonia, Basque Country and Galicia have become very protective of their own languages and dialects, since they outright their extinction during Francoist period, which establish them fight to ensure their languages stay on being an important per centum, if not the most important part, of their life and their societies (Wikipe dia contributors, 2011).Each region, with a language different than Castilian, is an avid defendant of their language article 3 of the Spanish Constitution (About the Castilian and the other Spaniard languages) states 1. Castilian is the official Spanish language of the State. All Spaniards have the duty to know it and the right to use it. . 2. The other Spanish languages shall likewise be official in the respective Self-governing Regions in accordance with their Statutes. and 3.The wealth of the different lingual modalities of Spain is a cultural heritage which shall be specially respected and protected (Cortes Generales de Espana, 1978).This decree has helped to repair the modify caused during Francoist period (in which Spain was under the authoritarian dictatorship of Francisco Franco) from 1936 to 1975, when many of the regional languages were nigh lost since they were forbidden an humourous fact since general Franco was born in A Coruna, one of Galicia? s main cities, whe re Galician is more used than Castilian to communicate (Eric Solsten and Sandra W. Meditz, 1988).When the civilized war ended, in 1975, and, in response to the oppression suffered for many years, some regions (especially Catalonia) began their efforts to preserve and enhance their languages. Thanks to those efforts Catalans can be proud to acknow directge that their languages and dialects are the most well-kept, normalized and preserved in the country, their continuous fight since the very end of war and their pride about using their language has handsome them the courage to embrace and protect both, their language and their identity in such way that, in Catalonia, Castilian is limited to those who are foreigners and Catalan to natives.Unfortunately, a very different thing has happened in Galicia and Basque Country since, by the end of war, the governments of both regions were more concerned about political affairs than preserving languages. In Basque Country, the reason for these lack of protectionism towards language was the persecution Basques suffer during the Civil War, they were accused of terrorism whenever they spoke in their own language they were hunted and killed for this reason, and all of these actions made them a little afraid of protecting language even years after the end of war.Something similar happened in Galicia, where there were no efforts to maintain language after the war. It was years later that governments started to make efforts to preserve and rescue the language and to normalize it and make it mandatory in each school around the region, but the accurate and pure versions of them got lost with time and what new generations speak today is a potpourri of old and new words adapted from the original language, but still it is quite far from the original, un transmitd version of each language.The dialects in Spain share, in most of the cases, the equal origin (most of the times Vulgar Latin), and the same language (for example Valenci an is a dialect of Catalan) it can be thought, then, that communication in a language different than Spanish or Castilian is not that hard, and this is true but not entirely even though these dialects come from the same sources, they differ greatly from each other for example, in Catalonia, they use Catalan as well as in Val d?Aran if an Occitan and a Catalan talk to each other, they will figure most of it but some words are very different, and it will take a irregular of an effort to fully understand the language from one region to another. Each one of the circumstances explained above, the civil war, the immigration, the language protectionism and the normalization, are reasons to understand why Spaniards have become tolerant with languages and dialects they have gone a long way in defending their ideals and their identity all of the Spaniards and immigrants must pay tolerance in return to the rest of the population and accept everybody else? languages.However, not all Spaniards are sympathetic with this language protectionism, Castilian or Spanish speaking regions, such as Madrid are very less tolerant they do not understand why one country must be separated more for languages than for borders, and this efficiency be a valid premise, but each region has the right to protect what belongs to it.Languages, in one way, have caused separation among regions because, people consider themselves as Catalans, or Valencians, or Basques, or native of any other regions, more than they consider themselves Spaniards, and many regions are currently fighting for their independence (with no dictatorial results so far) since they aim to be free to use their languages and dialects without being criticized and, as well, be able to manage their own resources.There are many implications of having one, two or many anguages or dialects spoken in a same country or region, some of them are prejudicial, such as this search for independence that has caused Spaniards to incur div ided, not all of them feel part of the same country and many whish they were not part of the same country at all. Another implication is that communication is limited even when all Spaniards speak Spanish, it is interesting to realize that they have both languages so acquired that they shake off from one to the other in fairish seconds this happens particularly with old people.As a woman married to a Catalan and having traveled to Catalonia a couple of times, I had the experience of facing this personally, people are so set in Catalan-mode that one minute they are speaking in Spanish, and the next they are speaking in Catalan without even realizing they change back and, in my particular case, I found myself reminding everyone to talk to me in Spanish it is an bungling side because you can also feel like an intruder and is tiring to constantly remind everyone to speak in Spanish, and when they did speak in Castilian, it was hard for me to understand them, since it is quite differ ent from the Spanish or Castilian we speak in Costa Rica.Another negative implication is for immigrants my cousin make a motiond to Barcelona eleven years ago she got a scholarship to finish her studies in laws at Universitat de Barcelona. The first problem she had to face was the fact that all her lessons were taught in Catalan and being a native Spanish speaker she felt very foiled and worried, and it took many years for her to be able to understand Catalan (only understand it because she does not speak it) she is now living there and after she finished college it was very hard for her to find a job, once over again the problem was the lack of Catalan it is very challenging for a foreigner to move there since Catalans are so protective of their language that in order to find a job, people must speak Catalan.The last negative implication, from my point of view, is immigration within the country my mother in-law was born in Galicia she learned to speak Galician (the very limited kind of Galician that was spoken during the war) when she was little and, at the age of nine, with almost her entire primary education finished, her family decided to move to Barcelona searching for a better life, where she had to deal with Catalan (even though during war it was forbidden to use it on the streets).The same problem happens with, for example, people with military positions, they move from one place to another during the entire military service, and they drag their families along with them children are forced to change from one school to another and from one language to another, and this can cause confusion and frustration reflected on the students behavior and performance in school. Even when there are so many negative implications or consequences related to all the languages in a society, there are reasons to believe that there are also positive implications and if there are societies with this kind of structure, it is because it works somehow, no matter the problems involved.In contrast to the negative implications nameed above, there are many other positive implications of being part of a multilingual society, to mention a few, it can be said that, in the particular case of Spain, their citizens have developed the capability to learn new languages very easily they not only speak their official language (Castilian), they also speak they regional language (both native like) and this has helped them to develop more their listening skills and aptitude towards new languages children are born and live in environments filled with language stimuli and learn to communicate effectively in more than one language, making things easier for them to acquire another language.Another example of a positive implication is tolerance, the cross-cultural situation Spaniards live has helped them to be more conscious about their differences and to accept everyone? s believes and culture. The continuous use of languages or dialects to interact with each other is an other positive implication, since it has made them to be able to switch languages in a conversation without thinking about it it comes natural to them since being multilingual is not an outgrowth it is just their reality.Spain is a multilingual society which has faced several obstacles in the way of preserving and keeping their languages and dialects, this protectionism has led to positive, but also negative consequences and implications for its citizens which, day after day deal with it and adjust to this conditions in order to be a part of the society. As challenging as it can be, Spaniards adjust to each situation in order to fit in but of course there are also rewards involved, they are capable to appreciate and understand (at least most of them) what a long way each region has come to preserve their identity and they can embrace, and be empathetic with the reasons each region has for such protectionism.

Sailing to Byzantium

Poetry means military many things to lot both over the world. Poetry is an outlet or artistic and creative way of telling a story or expressing your emotions. It is something that does not require a lot of skill, exclusively imagination and feeling. Sailing to Byzantium scripted by William Butler Yeats is a poesy that speaks of the craving for something single hindquartersnot have and the immortality of people, art and intellect, and greatness. Sailing to Byzantium is a poem based on the theme longing for something one cannot have. In this case the old man in the poem is yearning to be young and live on forever even up when his sentence is up.To escape death and old age the man sails to Byzantium. Byzantium is the opposite of the old man. The young in one anothers arms, birds in the trees and The salmon falls, the mackerel crowded seas are lines from the poem that illustrate the youth and vibrance of Byzantium, the youth and viberance the old man desires. Throughout the poe m there are lines that hint about the immortality of people and life. unmatched can continue to live on forever spiritually or by being remembered for having a great achievement or a great impact. In the second stanza Yeats writes, An aged man is but a paltry thing. The old man sees age as just a number. His body whitethorn be growing older, but his insides are youthful. In the third stanza Yeats writes Into the artifice of eternity. This line can translate into on the illusion of immortality. Finally, in the last stanza Yeats writes, Once out of nature I shall neer take my bodily form from any natural thing. Yeats writes that once the old man has passed he allow for be remembered by a symbol or sculpture much like a imperial emperor. He depart be represented by any natural thing. In this poem it is meaning(a) to the old man that he lives on forever in the magnificent paradise of Byzantium.In supplement to the immortality of people, the continuous life of art and intellect w ere written about. In stanza one Yeats writes, Caught in that sensual medicament all neglect, moments of unaging intellect. These two lines illustrate the immortality of art and intellect. Though some may neglect the elders because the elderly wait to lose their intellect as they age, the older generations were basically bards of education and intellect. Intellect is something that is passed down from generation to generation, it is something that will live forever. Sailing to Byzantium is a poem largely associated with greatness. Byzantium was a paradise.It consisted of salmon-falls, mackerel-crowded seas, gold mosaic walls, Grecian goldsmiths, and a royal emperor. Byzantium was magnificent, just like the idea of immortality. I think Yeats wrote about Byzantium and immortality together because they go batch in hand. William Butler Yeats poem Sailing to Byzantium is a poem about greatness and all of its elements. Byzantium was a lively place where it seemed like anything was pos sible. It was a paradise to escape to. To me Sailing to Byzantium is a poem of inspiration. The poem seemed to make the idea of dying meager because one can live on forever, even past their time.

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Sociology - examine ExampleHumans themselves are emotional creatures biologically each reaction is a chemical solvent to additional visual, chemical or new(prenominal) form of stimuli. At the very base of what selects a pieces emotional frame mildew run is the chemical responses or neural framework that exists. This cannot of course dismiss the effect of ones surroundings, their culture and society on their reactions. In more ways we respond establish on taught responses. While we are growing up we are adapting to the society that we are directly involved in, and the ethnical variances that may accompany that society. We react to some forms of stimuli based solely on our discernment of those stimuli which was trained into us from birth. An example of this could be seen by using a simple observation of a set of parents and their progeny, by observing the individual and separate reactions to different forms of stimuli it becomes readily apparent that the child will likely simu late the adults in many areas. A host is a number of people continuously interacting with each other in a structured way according to shared morals or social outlooks. A primary group would represent a family unit, such as parents and children and possibly grandparents as well. In my biography it would be my parents and my significant other. Because our contact is based on a large amount of contact and an understanding of each other in more than a few hours a week at work or in meetings with various social gatherings this would be a primary group. An example of a secondary coil group would be fellow students with whom I share several hours a week in a similar manner though we are unlikely to have much actual sheath to face time and the time we spend together will likely be more cohesive and determine based. Max Webbers six-traits of bureaucracy according to Professor Alazzawi are a formal hierarchical structure, oversight by rules, organization by functional specialty, a focus ed mission, purposely impersonal and employment based on technical qualifications. This organizational form works well within a secondary group however, would likely cause problems within a primary group. Humans thrive on being suitable to personalize everything around them, and while this has its obvious drawbacks within society as a whole it does make it difficult to promote long lasting, self-sustaining relationships within any group. There is a level of inflexibleness that would likely cause licking and in fact in many organizations that are secondary groups frustration with the role being played by the individual is often voiced. The sexual revolution was the extremely light approach to human sexuality as embraced in the 1960s it accompanied for the most part a large amount of experimentation in drugs, political approaches and lifestyle changes as well. There have been many various views applied to the why of this revolution, one that I tend to embrace is that this revolutio n is the result of the act stifling of free thought along with the sexist and racist approaches embraced and taught leading up to this point. It was a unload rebellion against the status quo as it were. As for the various issues discussed I believe that sexual violence in the form of rape, child sexual abuse and other related

Torts law problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Torts law occupation - Essay ExampleBased on this certificate, Rhett purchased the land. Later on when Rhett submitted his plans for construction of a residential subdivision, the Council rejected the proposal, on account of flood risk. Due to the refusal, and no other recourse left with Rhett, he had to cheat his land to a local farmer at a substantial loss. Now from the facts above, it is quite nett that, there was injustice meted out to Rhett. Now, the problem that Rhett is facing has a solution in justice of Torts. law of nature of Torts is the field of law which deals civil harms that may be flummoxd to a person. The concept of negligence is integral to the Law of Torts. The definition of negligence under tort law states that, the breach of a legal debt instrument to adopt care, resulting in damage to the claimant which was not desired by the defendant L.B. Curzon, Dictionary of Law. Another popular definition states that, Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of man affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do. Per Alderson B., Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co. (1856). From Lord Curzons definition, we understand that there are three important aspects to prove negligence, one being legal craft to take care, breach of duty of care and the third one being damages. We will first understand the three ingredients of negligence, and then go on to observe whether the problem at lot actually amounts to negligence, and if so, what the recourse that Rhett has is in this given scenario. Now the duty of care essentially means that, all(prenominal) person owes a duty not to harm their neighbour, and clean foresee, whether there action may cause to the person. This principle was laid down in the landmark judgement of Donahue v Stevenson. Further in Capro v. Dickman, their primordial components of Duty of Care were laid down. The judgement verbalize that Harm moldiness be (1) reasonably predictable (2) there must be a relationship of proximity between the plaintiff and defendant and (3) it must be fair, just and reasonable to impose liability. Now as goes for the first component, we have to determine whether the Council clerk could reasonably foresee the harm he was about to cause Rhett. In this scenario, it can be reasonably assumed that the clerk knew that the whole and sole responsibility of running the back build check on the verbalize property was on him. He was also aware that, if there was any irregularity in the records, it was his duty to point out the Scarlette. Failure to do so, would result in great harm to the buyer of the land, as the buyer was solely depending upon the background check of the Council. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that, the clerk was in a pose to ascertain the kind of harm he would cause if he did not take the proper move to give the proper background check on the aforesaid land. So we are sure, that the first ground of Duty of Care exists. Moving on to the second component, i.e. the relationship of proximity between the plaintiff and the defendant. There was a definite relationship between Rhett and the Council clerk. Rhett had approached the Council clerk, to provide him with the background check on the said land. Therefore, Rhett was expecting the clerk to carry out his duties rightfully and perform the check for him. It was the clerk

The Position of Marketing Assistant Personal Statement - 8

The Position of Marketing Assistant - Personal bid ExampleI have worked as marketing and salesperson at Longs advertise company, China. I also worked as a salesperson for GZGB motor sales and services company, China. I potently believe that my work experience from these two companies makes me the best candidate for the position. While at GZGB, I was recognise as the best salesperson of the month.I have the strong customer focus and I am also sociable, which are fundamental for every marketing professional to successfully execute his or her duties. joined with my hard work and determination, these traits have enabled to create innovative ideas for promotional activities, organize and manage events, and meet my sales targets. I have the ability to communicate efficiently, which also remains crucial for this position. Further, I have stark(a) computer skills, including email and internet, which are success determinants in marketing in the contemporary connected dry land where al most everything is virtually online. For more details, please see my curriculum vitae and other testimonials attached. I am flavor forward to hearing from you soon. Thank you for taking your time to review my application.

AMID fears about climate change, the world's future looks gloomy. Yet Essay

AMID fears about climate change, the gentlemans future looks gloomy. Yet there is another anguish - our booming population - Essay Examplethis respect, he notes that currently, the world has more than seven billion people, and that every year, about 80 million individuals atomic number 18 added to the statistic. Attenborourgh (2009) notes that the world has a carrying capacity beyond which it cannot sustain a growing human population. Taking note of this factor, he believes that the way to go in respect of ensuring that the world remains sustainable is taking responsibility for our growth in populations such as by utilize contraceptives. This paper analyses Attenborourghs views in light of past studies and professional views.Real humor (2014) notes that there are several indications that human activities have contributed to the high levels of carbon dioxide in the environment. In this respect, he notes that over the ending 15 decades, the concentrations of carbon dioxide on ear th haves grown from about 280 to 380 ppm (parts per million). This state of affairs has come in place as a function of such activities as clearing and burning of forested charge and burning fossil fuels which are commonplace events ever since the industrial revolution. The Royal Society (2014) concurs with Real Climate in regard to human contribution to climate change. The Society states that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the automatic teller machine has increased by more than 40% since the industrial revolution began, most of this rise having occurred since 1970. These levels are higher(prenominal) than have been seen in the last 650,000 years according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (BBC 2007). whatever of the evidences that show that climate change is a reality today include the decline in cold sea ice and the increase in the average temperature of the earth (global warming). Worth noting is that the average temperature of the earths surface h as increased by roughly 0.8 C since 1900 (The Royal Society 2014). Although this figure seems small, experts are contiguous to warn on its significance on human life, flora and fauna.

Statement of purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Of purpose - ad hominem Statement Exampleonjunction with having pursued additional course modules on English as a punt Language at ELS Charlotte, English language at the English Language Center, and Intermediate AlgebraI adjudge that in contemporary times, the role that technology plays in education is paramount. I would like to specialize on technology tools, applications, development of instructional designs that integrate technology in the fast changing contemporary skill environment, among others. I strongly believe that Utah State University accords the most effective dynamic and multi-dimensional approach that would see in achieving my goals.As I am indebted to my household country for according me with opportunities for professional growth, I plan to apply what I would be learning in advanced knowledge, skills, and competencies to educational institutions in my home country where I plan to teach in post-secondary or undergraduate levels. I am self-assured that the wealt h of diverse learning that would be generated from Utah State University would enable me to be an instrumental reader to the growths and developments of students who would be under my direct tutelage and more so, on the educational institutions that I plan to fancy improvements in the learning